Table of Contents
Abstract. 2
CHAPTER ONE.. 5
INTRODUCTION.. 5
1.1 Background to the Study.. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem... 6
1.3 Objectives of the Study.. 7
1.4 Research Questions. 8
1.5 Research Hypothesis. 8
1.6 Significance of the Study.. 9
1.7 Scope of the Study.. 9
1.8 Limitations of the Study.. 10
1.9 Organization of the Study.. 10
CHAPTER TWO.. 13
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.. 13
2.1 Introduction.. 13
2.2 Theoretical Review.. 13
2.3 Conceptual Review.. 15
2.4 Empirical Review.. 19
2.5 Summary of Literature Review.. 21
Chapter Three.. 22
Research Methodology.. 22
3.1 Introduction.. 22
3.2 Research Design.. 22
3.3 Population of the Study.. 22
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques. 23
3.5 Data Collection Methods. 23
3.5.1 Quantitative Data Collection.. 23
3.5.2 Qualitative Data Collection.. 23
3.6 Data Analysis Techniques. 24
3.6.1 Quantitative Data Analysis. 24
3.7 Ethical Considerations. 24
3.8 Limitations of the Study.. 24
3.9 Regression analysis. 25
CHAPTER FIVE.. 45
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.. 45
Summary.. 45
Conclusion.. 46
Recommendations. 47
REFERENCES.. 49
Detailed Research Questionnaire with a four-point Likert scale for the project titled "THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON WATER RESOURCES AND SANITATION IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF LAGOS STATE)":. 51
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Urbanization is a global phenomenon that has significant implications for the sustainable management of water resources and sanitation systems. In the context of Nigeria, a country experiencing rapid urbanization, the impact on water resources and sanitation is particularly pronounced. The unprecedented influx of people into urban areas has strained existing infrastructure, leading to challenges in providing clean water and adequate sanitation facilities. As urban centers grow in size and population, the demand for water increases, exacerbating the pressure on available water resources. Adeboyejo, A. O., Olanrewaju, O. S., & Ojo, T. O. (2018).
The consequences of urbanization on water resources and sanitation in Nigeria are multifaceted. One of the key issues is the strain on existing water supply systems, resulting in inadequate access to clean and safe water for a substantial portion of the urban population. Additionally, the surge in urbanization often outpaces the development of sanitation infrastructure, leading to improper waste disposal and contamination of water sources. This has direct implications for public health, as waterborne diseases become more prevalent in densely populated urban areas. Olanrewaju, O. S., Adeboyejo, A. O., & Fagbohun, E. D. (2020).
Several studies have investigated the specific challenges posed by urbanization on water resources and sanitation in Nigeria. A study by Adeboyejo et al. (2018) emphasizes the need for integrated water resource management strategies to address the complexities arising from urbanization. Furthermore, research by Olanrewaju et al. (2020) highlights the importance of sustainable urban planning to mitigate the adverse effects of rapid urbanization on water and sanitation systems. The work of Afolayan and Ogedengbe (2019) delves into the socioeconomic factors influencing water and sanitation access in urban areas, providing valuable insights for policy formulation.Top of Form
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1.2 Statement of the Problem
The rapid urbanization witnessed in Nigeria poses a significant challenge to the sustainable management of water resources and sanitation systems. As urban areas experience unprecedented population growth, the strain on existing water supply infrastructure becomes evident. The demand for clean and safe water escalates, resulting in inadequate access for a considerable portion of the urban populace. Furthermore, the pace of urbanization often outstrips the development of proper sanitation facilities, leading to improper waste disposal practices that contaminate water sources. This confluence of factors exacerbates the vulnerability of urban dwellers to waterborne diseases, creating a pressing public health concern. Adeboyejo, A. O., Olanrewaju, O. S., & Ojo, T. O. (2018).
In addition to the strain on water resources and sanitation infrastructure, the impact of urbanization in Nigeria extends to environmental degradation and social disparities. Increased urbanization often leads to the encroachment on natural water bodies and watersheds, affecting the quality and quantity of available water resources. Additionally, the uneven distribution of water and sanitation services across different socioeconomic strata within urban areas exacerbates social inequalities. This complex interplay of environmental, public health, and social challenges highlights the urgent need for comprehensive research and strategic interventions to address the multifaceted problems arising from the impact of urbanization on water resources and sanitation in Nigeria. . Olanrewaju, O. S., Adeboyejo, A. O., & Fagbohun, E. D. (2020).Top of Form
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1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of urbanization on water resources and sanitation in Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are:
- 1. Assess the impact of urbanization on the quantity and quality of water resources in Nigerian cities.
- 2. Analyze the disparities in access to sanitation facilities and the health consequences of urban sanitation deficits in different socio-economic groups within Nigerian cities.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies and interventions aimed at improving water and sanitation management in Nigerian cities, and propose recommendations for improved urban water and sanitation governance.
1.4 Research Questions
To guide the study and achieve the objectives of the study, the following research questions were formulated:
- To what extent has urbanization in major Nigerian cities (e.g., Lagos, Ibadan, Port Harcourt) affected the availability and accessibility of safe drinking water?
- How does the spatial distribution of sanitation facilities in Nigerian cities differ across informal settlements, slums, and formal neighborhoods?
- How effective are current government policies and regulations in addressing water resource depletion and sanitation challenges in Nigerian cities?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
The following research hypothesis was developed and tested for the study:
Ho: There is no statistical significant relationship between urbanization on water resources and sanitation in Nigeria.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is important for many reasons. The following are the major stakeholders this paper through its practical and theoretical implications and findings will be of great significance:
Firstly, the paper will benefit major stakeholders and policy makers in the Geography sector. The various analysis, findings and discussions outlined in this paper will serve as a guide in enabling major positive changes in the industry and sub-sectors.
Secondly, the paper is also beneficial to the organizations used for the research. Since first hand data was gotten and analysed from the organization, they stand a chance to benefit directly from the findings of the study in respect to their various organizations. These findings will fast track growth and enable productivity in the organisations used as a case study.
Finally, the paper will serve as a guide to other researchers willing to research further into the subject matter. Through the conclusions, limitations and gaps identified in the subject matter, other student and independent researchers can have a well laid foundation to conduct further studies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study is delimited to Lagos State. Findings and recommendations from the study reflects the views and opinions of respondents sampled in the area. It may not reflect the entire picture in the population.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The major limitations of the research study are time, financial constraints and delays from respondents. The researcher had difficulties combining lectures with field work. Financial constraints in form of getting adequate funds and sponsors to print questionnaires, hold Focus group discussions and logistics was recorded. Finally, respondents were a bit reluctant in filling questionnaires and submitting them on time. This delayed the project work a bit.
1.9 Organization of the Study
The study is made up of five (5) Chapters. Chapter one of the study gives a general introduction to the subject matter, background to the problem as well as a detailed problem statement of the research. This chapter also sets the objectives of the paper in motion detailing out the significance and scope of the paper.
Chapter Two of the paper entails the review of related literature with regards to corporate governance and integrated reporting. This chapter outlines the conceptual reviews, theoretical reviews and empirical reviews of the study.
Chapter Three centers on the methodologies applied in the study. A more detailed explanation of the research design, population of the study, sample size and technique, data collection method and analysis is discussed in this chapter.
Chapter Four highlights data analysis and interpretation giving the readers a thorough room for the discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of data analyzed in the study.
Chapter Five outlines the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study. Based on objectives set out, the researcher concludes the paper by answering all research questions set out in the study.
